Constructive waves - Small low energy waves that deposit sand onto beaches.
Corrasion - Occurs when waves crash over rock shelves and move rock and other material helping to erode the rock shelf away.
Corrosion - The action of salt on minerals like iron that are contained in rock, weakening the rock and making it more susceptible to erosion.
Deposition - The depositing of sand and rock particles caused by wind and wave action forming features such as beaches.
Destructive waves - Large waves formed by tropical cyclones and storms that erode material from beaches.
Erosion - The removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wave and wind action.
Fetch - The distance that wind travels over the ocean to form waves.
Foredune - The closest dune to the ocean or the first dune in a sand dune system.
Hydraulic action - When waves enter cracks in rocks, air is compressed by the force of the water causing erosion and forming features such as blow holes.
Longshore drift - The process, caused by waves hitting the coast at an angle, that is responsible for moving sand along the coast.
Refraction - The bending of waves around headlands and into bays.
Surf and swash zone - The active part of the coast in terms of erosion and deposition of sand by wave action; the surf zone is immediately adjacent to the coast and the swash zone is as the shore once the waves have broken.
Vegetation succession - The natural progression of vegetation from low-lying, salt tolerant plants on the foredune, through to shrubs and established trees on the hind dunes.
Wave height - The vertical distance between the trough and the peak of a wave.
Wavelength - The horizontal distance between wave peaks.
Breakwaters - A barrier that breaks the force of waves.
Faecal coliform - A bacteria found in faeces which contaminate water quality.
Silting - Fine sand carried by moving water and deposited as a sediment.
Tidal flushing - Saltwater entering a water way, twice a day during high tides.
7.2
Ground swell - When waves have travelled across a greater distance of ocean before hitting the coast.
Plunging waves - Break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep. They form tubes.
Spilling waves - Break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes. The surf gently rolls over the front.
Surging waves - Occur on very steep beaches. The waves roll up the steep face rather than breaking over it. They cause erosion.
Wind swell - Is marked by a short wavelength and a high frequency of waves hitting the coast.
7.3
Aeolian - Wind transportation
Spinifex - Spinifex is a spiny coastal plant which traps sand from flying away.
7.4
Dredging - Removal of sediment from river mouths which has been deposited,
Erosion-accretion cycle - Process of coastal sediment being returned to the visible part of the beach.
Groynes - Constructed along beaches to catch sand and make beaches wider.
Revegetation - To allow natural plants to regrow in a certain controlled area.
Sea walls - Used to stop erosion of the coastline and often replace the foredune.
7.7
Environmental impact study - Assessment of the positive and negative that a project might have on the environment.
Impact assessment - Assessing the impact which the project has on the surroundings.
7.8
Bitou bush - A perennial, dense, sprawling shrub native to South Africa.
Marram grass - Grass plants which help stop sand transportation.
Noxious weed - A plant which destroys native habitats, plants, etc.
7.9
Anemometer - Used to measure wind speed. Unit of measurement is metres per second or kilometres per hour, depending on the strength of wind.
Hygrometer - Used to measure humidity. Units of measurement are in % - the higher the % the higher the humidity.
Corrasion - Occurs when waves crash over rock shelves and move rock and other material helping to erode the rock shelf away.
Corrosion - The action of salt on minerals like iron that are contained in rock, weakening the rock and making it more susceptible to erosion.
Deposition - The depositing of sand and rock particles caused by wind and wave action forming features such as beaches.
Destructive waves - Large waves formed by tropical cyclones and storms that erode material from beaches.
Erosion - The removal of rock and sand particles as a result of wave and wind action.
Fetch - The distance that wind travels over the ocean to form waves.
Foredune - The closest dune to the ocean or the first dune in a sand dune system.
Hydraulic action - When waves enter cracks in rocks, air is compressed by the force of the water causing erosion and forming features such as blow holes.
Longshore drift - The process, caused by waves hitting the coast at an angle, that is responsible for moving sand along the coast.
Refraction - The bending of waves around headlands and into bays.
Surf and swash zone - The active part of the coast in terms of erosion and deposition of sand by wave action; the surf zone is immediately adjacent to the coast and the swash zone is as the shore once the waves have broken.
Vegetation succession - The natural progression of vegetation from low-lying, salt tolerant plants on the foredune, through to shrubs and established trees on the hind dunes.
Wave height - The vertical distance between the trough and the peak of a wave.
Wavelength - The horizontal distance between wave peaks.
Breakwaters - A barrier that breaks the force of waves.
Faecal coliform - A bacteria found in faeces which contaminate water quality.
Silting - Fine sand carried by moving water and deposited as a sediment.
Tidal flushing - Saltwater entering a water way, twice a day during high tides.
7.2
Ground swell - When waves have travelled across a greater distance of ocean before hitting the coast.
Plunging waves - Break on beaches where the slope is moderately steep. They form tubes.
Spilling waves - Break far from the shore on beaches with gentle slopes. The surf gently rolls over the front.
Surging waves - Occur on very steep beaches. The waves roll up the steep face rather than breaking over it. They cause erosion.
Wind swell - Is marked by a short wavelength and a high frequency of waves hitting the coast.
7.3
Aeolian - Wind transportation
Spinifex - Spinifex is a spiny coastal plant which traps sand from flying away.
7.4
Dredging - Removal of sediment from river mouths which has been deposited,
Erosion-accretion cycle - Process of coastal sediment being returned to the visible part of the beach.
Groynes - Constructed along beaches to catch sand and make beaches wider.
Revegetation - To allow natural plants to regrow in a certain controlled area.
Sea walls - Used to stop erosion of the coastline and often replace the foredune.
7.7
Environmental impact study - Assessment of the positive and negative that a project might have on the environment.
Impact assessment - Assessing the impact which the project has on the surroundings.
7.8
Bitou bush - A perennial, dense, sprawling shrub native to South Africa.
Marram grass - Grass plants which help stop sand transportation.
Noxious weed - A plant which destroys native habitats, plants, etc.
7.9
Anemometer - Used to measure wind speed. Unit of measurement is metres per second or kilometres per hour, depending on the strength of wind.
Hygrometer - Used to measure humidity. Units of measurement are in % - the higher the % the higher the humidity.
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